A metaanalysis mia pless and marianne carlsson uppsala university, sweden the purpose was to determine whether evidence exists in published research from 1970 to 1996 to support motor skill intervention for children with devel. Ideal output characteristics of traction motor drive b tractive effort and power. Traction motor article about traction motor by the free. Motor characteristics are frequently given as two points on this graph. Some of the technical discussion is based on work that has been reported in a conference publication1. Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized by the application of current in the stator coils 3. Motor selection criteria rev ii philadelphia university. Typical dc motor drawbacks such as armature commutator damage, carbon tracking, frequent brush replacement and commutator repair, are nonexistent with the ac induc on motor. In the design of the induction motor, operational characteristics can be determined through a series of calculations. The universal motor is a rotating electrical machine similar to dc series motor, designed to operate either from ad or dc source.
The dieselgenerator and induction motor simulations have shown good results, and can adequately demonstrate the dynamics for testing and comparing the starting methods. A77 a torque motor for locomotives ac77 ac torque motor terminal box cover removed weight. The rotor will rotate via the magnetic field and create torque on the drive shaft of the motor. Its one designed for moving things under their own propulsion. My original aim was to bridge the gap between specialist textbooks which are pitched at a level too academic for the average user and the more prosaic handbooks, which are full of useful detail but provide. Traditionally each traction motor was custom made to fit a specific vehicle. A traction motor is an electric motor used to drive a piece of machinery. Dielectric characteristics of electric vehicle traction motor winding insulation under thermal ageing in 2015 ieee 15th international conference on environment and electrical engineering, eeeic 2015 conference proceedings pp.
You find them on land vehicles, could be an electric locomotive or a milk float though you dont see many of those any more. The speed and torque of the motor are controlled by varying the frequency, voltage and current applied to the stator coils. A traction motor is operated at frequency f 0,slip s 0 and delivering torque. Limits are set on the torque speed characteristics of series motor as t max and s max as per the design parameter. Interaction between the magnetic field of these electromagnets generates twisting force, or torque. T max is fixed on the basis of short term thermal rating of the motor and adhesion available where s max depends on the mechanical design and the services the locomotive has to. Massachusetts institute of technology 1 introduction this is a concept paper in response to the foa entitled rare earth alternatives in critical technologies. Other websites deconstructing a traction motor associated rewinds ireland limited image of a nose mounted traction motor on an r46 new york city subway car.
Speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor in either direction on load using arm controller. Toyota motor corporation developed in 2005 a new hybrid system for a large suv. Pdf dynamic characteristics of motorgear system under. The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Because the magnetic field rotates in this way, an ac motor does not need power or mechanical aid to be applied to the rotor. Our drives and traction motors operate all over the world. Performing these calculations can help the engineer.
Speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor in. A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric or hydrogen vehicles, elevators or electric multiple unit traction motors are used in electrically powered rail vehicles electric multiple units and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, elevators, roller coasters, conveyors, and trolleybuses, as well as vehicles. As a result, the motor rotates in the direction of the resultant. Traction motors components for traction applications siemens. Page 2 of provide a motor that is best suited to a particular application. The nonlinear characteristics of a dc motor such as saturation and friction could degrade the performance of conventional controllers. And international journal of mechanical and production engineering, issn. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of morphological and motor characteristics of croatian first league female football players and their impact on the estimated quality of the. Traction motor an electric motor used to drive vehicles such as electric locomotives and trains, dieselelectric locomotives and ships, and streetcars, trolleys, and other electric vehicles. Speedtorque characteristics of induction motor derives the tractive effort vs speed characteristics of three phase induction motor. This paper presents the speed torque characteristics of bldc motor on load in forward and reverse direction. The motors used are induction or asynchronous motors designed to have characteristics suitable for traction.
Traction motor should handle small disturbance in supply. In lowspeed region, motor will operate at constant torque, whereas in highspeed region, motor will operate at constant power. The stall torque, represents the point on the graph at which the torque is a maximum, but the shaft is not rotating. Induction motor structures in dc electrified railways with their dynamic performance are studied. In a split phase motor, the ratio of number of turns for starting winding to that for running winding is the efficiency of shaded pole motor is in the range the capacitance of a small single phase motor will be of the order of.
This is one of the most required characteristics of dc series motor. Motors for a typical locomotive would be in the range 400 to 600 kw. Ideal torquespeed profile of traction motor drive for evhev. The actual fullload motor slip as a percent of the motor synchronous speed varies in inverse proportion to the frequency, where a 3% slip motor 60 hz. Basic construction and operating principle like most motors, an ac induction motor has a fixed. Motor control 117 introduction motor control design for industrial applications requires attention to both superior performance and ruggedness. Pdf operation analysis of ac traction motors in terms of. Transverse movement is limited by the flanges of axle suspension bearing. This application note discusses the basics of an ac induction motor. Review of characteristics of different types of dc and ac motors used traction and their suitability moduleiv 10 hours rating and heating of electric drives, power loss, heating and cooling of motors, classes and duty and selection of motors, drives for specific application like steel, paper, textile mills. Small disturbances occur when train crosses the section insulators and cross over.
Synchronous motors the most obvious characteristic of a synchronous motor is its strict synchronism with the power line frequency. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. It is a forced ventilated machine arranged for axle mounting on sleeve bearing. Consisting of heavy wire wound inside of the motors case known as the field windings and wire wound around the motors inner shaft called the armature, the electric power is transported between the two elements through brushes. Permanent magnet dc traction motor with reconfigurable. This system included the new development of a highspeed traction drive motor achieving a significant increase in power weight ratio. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved.
Pdf morphological and motor characteristics of croatian. That is, the integrated controller also precludes the need for an external power. Home technical articles 4 types of dc motors and their characteristics dc motor characteristics as you already know, there are two electrical elements of a dc motor, the field windings and the armature. The move to electric cars and public transportation has been a key aspect of the green initiative in many. Traction motors may use alternating or direct current, and they may have individual or group electric drive to transmit the torque from the engine shaft to the. This characteristic is represented as the ratio of its maximum speed to its base speed, that is the speed ratio x. The characteristics of the induction motors used for tabriz urban railway are. When called upon to brake, the frequency applied to the stator is lowered below the mechanical speed, and what happens is explained as follows. Sterling resins have excellent stability and a long. Brushless dc motor design for electric traction system. The motor can be clearly seen behind the axle with the gear box with the writing on it in the center.
More than 90,000 motors are in use in a variety of rail vehicles, from trams to highspeed trains to. Request pdf characterization of electric motor drives for traction applications the ideal characteristics of an electric motor drive for traction application in an. An induction motor can be treated as a rotating transformer i. Study of excitation characteristics of traction machinedrive. An induction motor works as a generator if mechanical speed is more than the synchronous speed.
The armature windings are made up of current carrying conductors that terminate at a commutator. Speed torque characteristics of different kinds of load are divided into the following. An887, ac induction motor fundamentals microchip technology. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa.
Abstractthis paper presents the characteristic of newly developed electrical steel and motor performance analysis for electric vehiclesev. Maxims feature integration and superior specifications enhance motor controller equipment precision while improving robustness in harsh industrial environments. An important issue that correlates these aspects is the electromagnetic torque developed by an electric traction motor. Mathematic model of threephase induction machine connected to advanced inverter for traction system for electric trolley liviu s. The magnet is spun by a 3 phase ac motor with no rotor voltage 4. The traction motor is a four pole dc series motor in which field winding is connected in series with armature. Improved ac motor technology requires less maintenance and repair down me than dc motor.
The new motor cores, including the integrated controller, will fit in the existing housing with space to spare. Effects of motor skill intervention on developmental. Public transportation, whether it be trains, trolleys, mass transit or high speed rail. Development of traction drive motors for the toyota hybrid. The characteristics of variable speed electric motors are shown in the figure 3. Brushless dc motor design for electric traction system i. Characterization of electric motor drives for traction applications. Vehicle manufacturers and users are continuing to expect more value and flexibility in electric vehicle motor and control systems as they are applied today. Characteristics of the current, voltage, electrical and mechanical torque and active and reactive power in accelerating, normal and regenerative braking are investigated. Dielectric characteristics of electric vehicle traction. This paper provides an overview of the hybrid system, discusses the characteristics required of a traction drive motor, and. Correct matching of a motor to a driven machine can only be confidently accomplished if both the motor and the load torquespeed characteristics are known.
A comparison of induction motor starting methods being. Three phase induction motor as traction motor railelectrica. At any other condition, the motor and load will be either accelerating or decelerating. Its advantage to the industrial user is its higher efficiency and low cost in large sizes. Classification of electric motors electrical knowhow. Traction motors in diesel locomotives ee publishers. The motor torquespeed characteristics are usually provided by the supplier.
Appliances, hvac industry, medical, electric traction, automotive, aircrafts, military equipment, hard disk. The torquespeed characteristic of a repulsion motor. Alternative motor technologies for traction drives of hybrid and. The speed torque characteristics of a motor is given by the relation. The no load speed, is the maximum output speed of the motor when no torque is applied to the output shaft. They arent any different in principle from other electr. In 15, the ev motor driven by an inverter has a large pwm carrier harmonic iron loss in the lowtorque region. Motor torque and power university of california, irvine. The series motor is designed to move large loads with high torque in applications such as crane motor or lift hoist.
This inevitably resulted in long lead times to accommodate the design, engineering, productspecific supply chain logistics, quality assurance and the cre. The characteristics of the induction motor are illustrated below. An ac motor works by applying alternating current to stator windings, which produce a rotating magnetic field. The rotor has salient poles and a cage so that it starts like an induction motor, and runs like a synchronous motor. Massachusetts institute of technology 1 introduction this is a concept paper in response to the foa entitled rare earth alternatives in critical technologies for energy react. Electric propulsion controls and accessories a 77 a torque. Ranvar resins provide outstanding moisture and chemical resistance in small and large motor applications.
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